Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices. Invented by Ericsson in 1994, it serves as a secure alternative to RS-232 data cables.
The Core Physics of Bluetooth
Bluetooth relies on ultra-high-frequency radio waves operating within the 2.402 to 2.480 GHz ISM band. The technology was named after King Harald Bluetooth, who famously united Scandinavia.
The Magic of Frequency Hopping
To avoid interference from Wi-Fi routers using the same 2.4 GHz spectrum, Bluetooth employs Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH). It swaps between 79 designated channels up to 1,600 times a second.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
Introduced in Bluetooth 4.0, BLE revolutionized IoT. Unlike Classic Bluetooth which maintains a continuous connection for audio streams, BLE sleeps and wakes up for micro-seconds to blast small data packets.
